2018年诺贝尔化学奖名单出炉：美英3位科学家获奖



【环球网报道 记者 朱梦颖】瑞典皇家科学院10月3日宣布，将授予美国科学家弗朗西斯·阿诺德(Frances H. Arnold)、美国科学家乔治·史密斯(George P. Smith)及英国科学家格雷戈里·温特尔(Sir Gregory P. Winter)三位科学家2018诺贝尔化学奖，以表彰他们在酶研究等领域的贡献。

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award

the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to

FRANCES H. ARNOLD
GEORGE P. SMITH
SIR GREGORY P. WINTER
诺贝尔化学奖一半颁给弗朗西斯·阿诺德，奖励她实现了酶的定向转化;另一半颁给乔治·史密斯和格雷戈里·温特尔，奖励他们实现了多肽和抗体的噬菌体呈现技术。


The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018

Ill. Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Media
Frances H. Arnold
Prize share: 1/2
Ill. Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Media

George P. Smith
Prize share: 1/4
Ill. Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Media
Sir Gregory P. Winter
Prize share: 1/4

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 was divided, one half awarded to Frances H. Arnold "for the directed evolution of enzymes", the other half jointly to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies."

MLA style: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Wed. 3 Oct 2018.

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/summary/


（弗朗西斯·阿诺德 资料图）
弗朗西斯·阿诺德，1956年生于美国，现任美国加州理工学院教授。她在推进定向进化法方面所作出巨大贡献，曾获多个国际奖项。

乔治·史密斯（中） 资料图


乔治·史密斯发明了一种噬菌体展示技术, 其中噬菌体可以用来进化新的蛋白质。

（格雷戈里·温特尔 资料图）
格雷戈里·温特尔，英国生物化学家，治疗性单克隆抗体的先驱。他发明了“拟人化”(1986年)和全拟人化的噬菌体展示技术，以及用于治疗用途的抗体的相关技术。


Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018


English
English (pdf)
Swedish
Swedish (pdf)


3 October 2018
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018
with one half to
Frances H. Arnold
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
“for the directed evolution of enzymes”
and the other half jointly to
George P. Smith
University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
and
Sir Gregory P. Winter
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”


They harnessed the power of evolution

The power of evolution is revealed through the diversity of life. The 2018 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken control of evolution and used it for purposes that bring the greatest benefit to humankind. Enzymes produced through directed evolution are used to manufacture everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals. Antibodies evolved using a method called phage display can combat autoimmune diseases and in some cases cure metastatic cancer.
Since the first seeds of life arose around 3.7 billion years ago, almost every crevice on Earth has filled with different organisms. Life has spread to hot springs, deep oceans and dry deserts, all because evolution has solved a number of chemical problems. Life’s chemical tools – proteins – have been optimised, changed and renewed, creating incredible diversity.
This year’s Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have been inspired by the power of evolution and used the same principles – genetic change and selection – to develop proteins that solve mankind’s chemical problems.
One half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Frances H. Arnold. In 1993, she conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions. Since then, she has refined the methods that are now routinely used to develop new catalysts. The uses of Frances Arnold’s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, and the production of renewable fuels for a greener transport sector.
The other half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is shared by George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter. In 1985, George Smith developed an elegant method known as phage display, where a bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria – can be used to evolve new proteins. Gregory Winter used phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies, with the aim of producing new pharmaceuticals. The first one based on this method, adalimumab, was approved in 2002 and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Since then, phage display has produced anti-bodies that can neutralise toxins, counteract autoimmune diseases and cure metastatic cancer.
We are in the early days of directed evolution’s revolution which, in many different ways, is bringing and will bring the greatest benefit to humankind.


Illustrations

The illustrations are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Attribute ”©Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
(R)evolution (pdf)
Enzyme evolution (pdf)
Phage display (pdf)
Antibody evolution (pdf)



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Frances H. Arnold, born 1956 in Pittsburgh, USA. Ph.D. 1985, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
http://fhalab.caltech.edu
George P. Smith, born 1941 in Norwalk, USA. Ph.D. 1970, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Curators’ Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
http://biology.missouri.edu/people/?person=94
Sir Gregory P. Winter, born 1951 in Leicester, UK. Ph.D. 1976. University of Cambridge, UK. Research Leader Emeritus, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/emeritus/greg-winter/
Prize amount: 9 million Swedish krona, with one half to Frances Arnold and the other half to be shared between George Smith and Gregory Winter.
Further information: www.kva.se and http://www.nobelprize.org
Press contact: Kajsa Waaghals, Press Officer, +46 70 878 67 63, kajsa.waaghals@kva.se
Expert:Sara Snogerup Linse, member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, +46 70 250 77 66, sara.linse@biochemistry.lu.se
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.

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2018-10-03 17:48 朱梦颖 2018年诺贝尔化学奖名单出炉：美英3位科学家获奖
https://3w.huanqiu.com/a/c36dc8/7GHFLQguOe4?
MLA style: Press release:
 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Wed. 3 Oct 2018.
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/press-release/